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Seasonal Celebrations Below is an overview of the eight seasonal celebrations, or sabbats celebrated by Pagans from a variety of different cultures. Note: the dates of each sabbat are those that are celebrated in the northern hemisphere. |
Samhain (October 31-November 1) Samhain is the third harvest festival in the wheel of the year, and is often referred to as the Celtic New Year. During this time of the year ancestors are honored and communed with, and divinations are performed to foretell the coming year. Other Names: Halloween, All Hallows Eve, Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos), Third Harvest, Martinmas, Celtic New Year, Festival of Pamona Symbols: Jack-o-lanterns, Masks, The Cauldron, Waning Moon Stones: Obsidian, Onyx, Carnelian Colors: Black, Orange, Indigo Foods: Apples, Squashes, Pork, all third harvest foods Plants: Allspice, Apples, Gourds, Mugwort, Sage Animals: Bats, Cats, Dogs Gods: All Death Gods, Arawn (Welsh), Coyote Brother (Native American), The Great Horned God (Eurpoean), Hades (Greek), Loki (Norse), Nefertum (Egyptian), Odin (Norse), Pluto (Greco-Roman), Sekhet (Egyptian), All Underworld Gods Goddesses: All Crone Goddesses, Babd (Irish), Bast (Egyptian), Baba Yaga (Russian), Cailleach (Irish-Scottish), Cerridwen (Welsh-Scottish), Hecate (Greek), Kali (Indian), The Morrigan (Celtic), Pamona (Roman), Rhiannon (Welsh), All Underworld Goddesses Rituals/Magickal Workings: Change, Communing With/Honoring the Dead, Divination, Protection, Reversing Negativity, Transformation Winter Solstice (Around December 20-22) This sabbat astrologically marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. It marks the death of the old Sun God and rebirth of new Sun God, as well as the Pagan New Year by many. Other Names: Yule, Midwinter, Alban Arthan, Pagan New Year, Saturnalia, Yule Tide, Finns' Day, Festival of Sol Symbols: Bells, Candles, Elves, Evergreen Trees, Holly, Light, Eight-Spoked Wheel, Mistletoe, Spinning Wheel, Wreaths, Yule log Stones: Bloodstone, Ruby, Garnet Colors: Red, Green, White, Gold Foods: Beans, Candy Canes, Dried Fruit, Egg Nog, Ginger, Gingerbread, Pork, Poultry, Wassail Plants: Bay, Mistletoe, Holly, Evergreen Trees, Ginger, Myrrh, Pine, Poinsetta, Valerian Animals: Stag, Squirrels, Wren/Robin Gods: Apollo (Greco-Roman), Baldur (Norse), Father Sun (Native American), Helios (Greek), Lugh (Celtic), Mithras (Persian), Oak/Holly King (Anglo-Celtic), Odin (Norse), Ra (Egyptian), Saturn (Roman), Sol (Roman), Yakimata-Hiko (Japanese) Goddesses: All Spinning Goddesses, Changing Woman (Apache), Fortuna (Roman), Frey (Norse), Gaia (Greek), Heket (Egyptian), Ma'at (Egyptian), Pandora (Greek), Spinning Woman (Native American), Yachimato-Hime (Japanese) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Rebirth of the God, Return of the Sun, Meditation, Introspection, Success, Personal Renewal & Regeneration Imbolc (Around February 2) This time of the year marks the middle of winter and the first signs of the coming spring. Traditionally this sabbat is associated with purification and (re)dedication to one's spiritual path. This festival is primarily associated with the triple Goddess Brigid. Other Names: Candlemas, Oimelc, Brigid's Day, Feast of Brigid, Festival of Light, merged with Lupercalia/Valentines Day Symbols: Candles,Brigit's Cross, Burrowing Animals, The Flame, Grain Dolly, Iron, The Moon, Sun Wheels Stones: Turquoise, Amethyst Colors: White, Yellow, Pink, Red Foods: Milk, Honey, Pork, Poultry, Lamb Plants: Blackberry, Chamomile, Clover, Dill, Early Spring Flowers, Evergreen, Grain and Hops, Oak Trees, Rosemary, Rowan, Willow Animals: Boar, Burrowing Animals, Cows, Deer, Dragon, Lamb, Robin, Sheep Gods: All Flame Gods, Young Sun Gods, Braggi (Norse), Cupid/Eros (Greco-Roman), Diancecht (Irish), Februus (Roman) Goddesses: Brigid, All Maiden/Virgin Goddesses, Arianhrod (Welsh-Celtic), Athena (Greek), Vesta (Roman) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Candle Magick (All Forms), Home Blessings, Honoring Brigid, Healing, Cleansing (Home and Self), Divination, Initiation, Creative Inspiration, Puriication Spring Equinox (Around March 21-23) Typically referred to in neopagan/wiccan traditions as Ostara, this celebration is named after the Germanic Goddess of Spring. This sabbat typically marks the beginning of light time of the wheel of the year and is celebrated as the beginning of spring in many European cultures; after this date there are more hours of daylight than night. This is a time of balance, rebirth, and celebration of new life. The egg is a prominent symbol of rebirth, and many magical workings are performed around this symbol, including egg divination. Other Names: Ostara, St. Patricks Day, Oestre's Day, Bacchanalia, Vernal Equinox, Lady Day, Alban Eiber Symbols: Eggs, Baskets, Butterlies/Cocoons, New Moon, Spring Flowers Stones: Aquamarine, Moonstone, Rose Quartz Colors: Pink, All Pastels, Robin's Egg Blue, Spring Green, Yellow Foods: Eggs, Honey Plants: Columbine, Crocus, Daffodills, Ginger, Irish Moss, Jasmine, Snowdrop Animals: Goats, Lambs, Rabbits, Rams, Snakes Gods: All Gods of Love, Adonnis (Greek), Cernunnos/Herne (Celtic), The Great Horned God (European),Odin (Norse), Osiris (Egyptian), Pan (Greek) Goddesses: All Maiden Goddesses, All Goddesses of Love, Aprhodite (Greek), Cybele (Roman), Gaia (Greek), Isis (Egyptian), Moon Mother (Native American), Ostara (Germanic), Persephone (Greek) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Breakthrough, New Growth, Seed Blessings, Sex Magick, Rebirth Beltane (April 30, early May) The name of this sabbat is derived from the word 'bale-fire', as balefires were lit on hilltops to celebrate fertility and the return of life. Jumping balefires is a popular ancient custom; couples jumped the fire for fertility, and cattle were driven through embers of the fire to ensure their fertility. The gathering of flowers and their use in ritual is a custom from the Roman celebration of Floralia. The most well-known symbol is the Maypole, a form of sympathetic fertility magic. Other Names: Floralia, May Day, May Eve, Rudemas, Walspurgis Night Symbols: Balefires, Chalice, Flowers and Garlands, May Pole, May Baskets Stones: Bloodstone, Sapphire Colors: Red, Green, White, Dark Yellow Foods: Dairy Foods, Honey, Oats, Sweets Plants: Birch, Cowslip, Hawthorn, lilac, Primrose, Rose, Rosemary Animals: Goats, Honey Bees, Rabbits Gods: All Fertility Gods, Bel/Belanos (Celtic), Cernunnos (Celtic), Frey (Norse), Jack in Green, May King, Pan (Greek), Puck (English) Goddesses: All Fertility Goddesses, Aprhodite (Greek), Blodewedd (Welsh), Diana (Greek), Flora (Roman), Freya (Norse),May Queen, Venus (Roman) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Crop Blessings, Fertility, Love, Romance Summer Solstice (Around June 21-23) This time traditionally marks the beginning of summer, when the hours of daylight are the longest and strongest. This is a fire festival when the power of the sun is evoked, and it is a sabbat where the full power of life is celebrated. In some traditions, this is when the Oak king is defeated by the Holly King, signaling the return of the dark time of the year. Other Names: Alban Hefin, Litha, Midsummer, St. Johns Day, Vestalia Symbols: Balefires, Herbs, Oak Trees, The Sun, Sun Wheels, Stones: Amber, Diamond, Emerald, Jade, Lapis Lazuli, Tigers Eye Colors: Gold, Green, Yellow, Blue Foods: Lemons, Oranges, Summer Squash Plants: Blackberry,Copal, Frankincense, Galangal, Heliotrope, Laurel, Lemon, Mistletoe, Oak, Saffron, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang Animals: Bee, Butterly, Cattle, Deer and Stag, Eagle, Falcon and Hawk, Geese, Horses, Lizards, Summer Birds, Robin/Wren, Swan, Woodpecker (Flicker) Gods: All Sun Gods, Sky Father/Father Sun, Apollo (Greco-Roman), Baldur (Norse), Dagda (Irish), Gwydion (Welsh), Helios (Greek), Legba (Voudoun), Lugh (Celtic), Ra (Egyptian) Goddesses: All Sun Goddesses, All Pregnant Goddesses, Mother Earth, Aine (Irish), Athena (Greek), Damona (Breton), Eiru (Irish), Hathor (Egyptian), Inanna (Sumerian), Isis (Egyptian), Kali (Indian), Mabd/Maeve (Irish), Olwen (Welsh), Vesta (Roman) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Career, Community, Relationships, Nature Spirit Communion, Planetary Wellness Lughnasad(July 31st, Early August) This is the first of the three harvest sabbats. The crops harvested are a manifestation of the energies raised at Beltane. Although the power of the sun is waning, there is still more daylight than night. Grains and summer vegetables are harvested. This sabbat honors the sun God Lugh, when games of skill are played in his honor. Other Names: August Eve, Ceresalia, Festival of the Green Corn, First Harvest, Lammas Symbols: Corn, All Grains, Bread Stones: Yellow Diamond, Citrine, Peridot, Topaz Colors: Gold, Red, Yellow, Green, Orange, Citrine Foods: Blackberries, Bread, Corn, Summer Squash, Summer Fruit Plants: Apple, Ash, Basil, Blackberry, Corn, Hazel, Heather, Honeysuckle, Oak, Rice, Vine, Wheat, Woad, Ginseng, Rye Animals: Calves, Roosters Gods: All Grain Gods, Bran (Welsh), John Barleycorn, Llew (Welsh), Lugh (Irish), Odin (Norse), Osiris (Egyptian), Vulcan (Roman) Goddesses: All Grain Deities, Corn Mother, Aine (Irish), Blodeuwedd (Welsh), Ceres (Roman), Chicomecoatl (Aztec), Demeter (Greek), Frey (Norse), Isis (Egyptian), Qocha Mana (Hopi), Selu (Cherokee), Uti Hiati (Pawnee) Rituals/Magickal Workings: Continued Success, Generosity, Hunting Magick, Prosperity, Sacrifice of the Corn God, Warrior Magick Fall Equinox (September 21-23) The Fall or Autumn Equinox marks the time of the year when the number of hours of day and night are equal. It also is the second of three harvest festivals of the wheel of the year. Traditionally this time of year is marked by harvest festivals celebrated by many different cultures as a time of thanksgiving and the beginning of the dark time of the year. Other Names: Autumn Equinox, Mabon, Second Harvest, Pagan Thanksgiving, Festival of Dionysus (Greek), Wine Harvest, Alban Elfed (Druidic), Cornocopia Symbols: Grapes, Wine, Vines, Garlands, Gourds, Burial Cairns, Rattles, Horn of Plenty, Indian Corn, Sun Wheels Stones: Amber, Citrine, Golden Topaz, Tiger-eye, Cats eye, Lapis Lazuli, Amthyst, Sapphire Colors: Brown, Orange, Violet, Maroon, Russet, Deep Gold Foods: Wine, Grapes, Nuts, Apples, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pomegranite, Pumpkin, Wheat Plants: Acorns, Apples, Asters, Cinnamon, Cloves, Frankincense, Hazel, Ivy, Myrrh, Nutmeg, Oak Leaves, Pine Cones, Rue, Sage Animals: Blackbird, Butterfly, Eagle, Owl, Pig, Salmon, Snake, Stag, Turkey Vulture, Wolf Gods: Bacchus (Roman), Cernunnos/Horned God (Celtic and Gaulish), Dionysus (Greek), Dumuzi (Sumerian), Freyr (Norse), Green Man (Celtic), Mabon (Welsh), Osiris (Egyptian), Thor (Norse) Goddesses: Cerridwen (Celtic), Demeter (Greek), Freyja (Norse), Inanna (Sumerian), Isis (Egyptian), Persephone (Greek), Pomona (Roman), Ranuta (Egyptian) Ritual/Magical Workings: Harvest, Introspection, Prosperity/Abundance, Protection, Thanksgiving |